Understanding the Roles and Scope of Practice of a Speech-Language Pathologist vs. an Occupational Therapist

By Veronica Martins - Speak Squad

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 The scope of practice of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and occupational therapists (OTs) are often misunderstood. People unfamiliar with these professions typically think SLPs only work on speech sounds, and many assume

OTs help with work-related activities. However, both these rehabilitation professions are much broader. While both SLPs and OTs assess, treat, prevent, and develop or restore function, their roles differ. 

SLPs focus on assessing, treating, and preventing communication and swallowing disorders.¹ In contrast, OTs focus on the assessment, treatment, and prevention of disorders affecting function in activities of daily living. ² Despite their distinct areas of specialization, SLPs and OTs frequently collaborate within interprofessional health teams to coordinate care. 

SLPs address delays and disorders related to speech, language, communication, literacy, swallowing, resonance, and fluency, as well as structural abnormalities of the speech and voice apparatus.¹ An SLPs scope of practice varies depending on the population they serve. For example, pediatric speech-language pathologists, work with children with autism, late talkers, children who stutter, and have difficulties with speech sounds and motor speech while, SLPs who work with adults typically focus on difficulties speaking or swallowing after a stroke or brain injury. 

OTs scope of practice encompasses rehabilitating function and independence in children and adults in self-care, productivity and leisure, such as toileting, dressing, grooming, eating, cooking, and working. ² An OTs primary goal is to help individuals regain physical function in their daily lives through using assistive devices to facilitate everyday activities and adapting their environment. 

Despite their differences, an area of overlap in their scope of practice is feeding intervention. Although this depends on the workplace, it can be noted that in Canada, both SLPs and OTs can provide feeding and swallowing intervention. 

SLPs and OTs often work together within inter-professional health teams to provide optimal care and ensure therapy is tailored to individuals needs. It is common to see SLPs and OTs work collaboratively, especially in cases of brain injury or stroke, swallowing, and written communication. While an SLP supports their language and cognitive functions, OTs will focus on strengthening motor and sensory skills. By effectively navigating their similarities and differences, SLPs and OTs work together to bridge gaps that require their unique expertise. 

Overall, although SLP and OT have distinct areas of expertise, their shared commitment to rehabilitation and collaboration ensures optimal, effective patient-centered care, ultimately improving individuals’ function, independence, and overall quality of life. 

If you have concerns or if you or someone you know is facing challenges with communication, swallowing, and/or functioning in activities of daily living, our speech-language pathology and occupational therapy professionals are happy to help so please send us an email at info@speakquad.ca or call us at 289-983-9946. 

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Reference list 

1. College of Audiologist and Speech-Language Pathologist of Ontario. Speech-language pathologists [Internet]. Toronto: CASLPO. Available from: https://caslpo.com/public-patients/about-the-professions/speech-language-pathologists 

2. College of Occupational Therapist of Ontario. Scope of practice and controlled acts [Internet]. Toronto: COTO. Available from: https://www.coto.org/registrants/ot-scope-of-practice/